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</head><body><div id="web_bg"></div><div id="sidebar"><div id="menu-mask"></div><div id="sidebar-menus"><div class="author-avatar"><img class="avatar-img" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200807181526.jpg" onerror="onerror=null;src='https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/img/friend_404.gif'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="site-data"><div class="data-item is-center"><div class="data-item-link"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">362</div></a></div></div><div class="data-item is-center"><div class="data-item-link"><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">427</div></a></div></div><div class="data-item is-center"><div class="data-item-link"><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">101</div></a></div></div></div><hr/><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-home"></i><span> 首页</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-archive"></i><span> 时间轴</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-tags"></i><span> 标签</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-folder-open"></i><span> 分类</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/link/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-link"></i><span> 友链</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/about/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-heart"></i><span> 关于</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="post" id="body-wrap"><header class="post-bg" id="page-header" style="background-image: url('https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/images/20200423185528.jpg')"><nav id="nav"><span id="blog_name"><a id="site-name" href="/">Kylin</a></span><div id="menus"><div id="search-button"><a class="site-page social-icon search"><i class="fas fa-search fa-fw"></i><span> 搜索</span></a></div><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-home"></i><span> 首页</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-archive"></i><span> 时间轴</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-tags"></i><span> 标签</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-folder-open"></i><span> 分类</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/link/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-link"></i><span> 友链</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/about/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-heart"></i><span> 关于</span></a></div></div><div id="toggle-menu"><a class="site-page"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">Netty入门案例及分析</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-11-08T09:32:33.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-08 17:32:33">2020-11-08</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2022-07-12T11:42:50.023Z" title="更新于 2022-07-12 19:42:50">2022-07-12</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/Netty/">Netty</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">1.9k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>7分钟</span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h2 id="Netty快速入门实例-TCP-服务"><a href="#Netty快速入门实例-TCP-服务" class="headerlink" title="Netty快速入门实例 TCP 服务"></a>Netty快速入门实例 TCP 服务</h2><p>Netty 服务器在 6668 端口监听，客户端能发送消息给服务器 “hello, 服务器~”</p>
<p>服务器可以回复消息给客户端 “hello, 客户端~”</p>
<p>首先导入依赖</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>io.netty<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>netty-all<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>4.1.53.Final<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="服务端"><a href="#服务端" class="headerlink" title="服务端"></a>服务端</h3><p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108170618.png" alt="image-20201108170611983"></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">NettyServer</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//创建BoosGroup和WorkerGroup</span></span><br><span class="line">        NioEventLoopGroup boosGroup = <span class="keyword">new</span> NioEventLoopGroup();</span><br><span class="line">        NioEventLoopGroup workerGroup = <span class="keyword">new</span> NioEventLoopGroup();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//创建服务器端启动对象，配置参数</span></span><br><span class="line">            ServerBootstrap bootstrap = <span class="keyword">new</span> ServerBootstrap();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//使用链式编程链进行设置</span></span><br><span class="line">            bootstrap.group(boosGroup, workerGroup)<span class="comment">//设置两个线程组</span></span><br><span class="line">                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)<span class="comment">//使用NioSocketChannel 作为服务器的通道实现</span></span><br><span class="line">                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, <span class="number">128</span>)<span class="comment">//设置线程队列等待连接个数</span></span><br><span class="line">                    .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE,<span class="keyword">true</span>)<span class="comment">//设置保持活动连接状态</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">//.handler(null)//该handler对应bossGroup，childHandler对应workerGroup</span></span><br><span class="line">                    .childHandler(<span class="keyword">new</span> ChannelInitializer&lt;SocketChannel&gt;() &#123;<span class="comment">//创建一个通道初始化对象(匿名对象)</span></span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="comment">//给pipeline 设置处理器</span></span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="function"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">initChannel</span><span class="params">(SocketChannel socketChannel)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="comment">//可以使用一个集合管理SocketChannel,再推送消息时，可以将业务加入到各个channel对应到NIOEventLoop到taskQueue或者scheduleTaskQueue</span></span><br><span class="line">                            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;客户SocketChannel hashcode=&quot;</span>+socketChannel.hashCode());</span><br><span class="line">                            socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(<span class="keyword">new</span> NettyServerHandler());</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;);<span class="comment">//给我们的workerGroup的EventLoop对应的管道设置处理器</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;......服务器 is ready...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//启动服务器并绑定一个端口并且同步，生成了一个ChannelFuture对象</span></span><br><span class="line">            ChannelFuture cf = bootstrap.bind(<span class="number">6688</span>).sync();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//对关闭通道进行监听</span></span><br><span class="line">            cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            boosGroup.shutdownGracefully();</span><br><span class="line">            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108171807.png" alt="image-20201108171806580"></p>
<p>我们自定义一个Handler需要继承netty规定好对某个HandlerAdapter(规范),这时我们自定义一个Handler，才能称为一个handler。</p>
<ul>
<li><code>channelRead()</code>方法读取客户端发送的消息</li>
<li><code>channelReadComplete()</code>方法数据读取完成</li>
<li><code>exceptionCaught()</code>方法处理异常，一般是需要关闭通道</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 1.我们自定义一个Handler需要继承netty规定好对某个HandlerAdapter(规范)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 2.这时我们自定义一个Handler，才能称为一个handler</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">NettyServerHandler</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//读取数据实际（这里我们可以读取客户端发送的消息）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//1.ChannelHandlerContext ctx : 上下文对象，含有管道pipeline,通道channel，地址</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//2.Object msg: 就是客户端发送的数据 默认Object</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">channelRead</span><span class="params">(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//将msg转成一个ByteBuf</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//ByteBuf是Netty提供的，不是NIO的ByteBuffer</span></span><br><span class="line">        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;客户端发送消息是：&quot;</span>+buf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;客户端发送地址是：&quot;</span>+ctx.channel().remoteAddress());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//数据读取完成</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">channelReadComplete</span><span class="params">(ChannelHandlerContext ctx)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//write()+Flush(),将数据写入到缓存并刷新 对这个发送的数据进行编码</span></span><br><span class="line">        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(<span class="string">&quot;Hello,客户端&quot;</span>, CharsetUtil.UTF_8));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//处理异常，一般是需要关闭通道</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">exceptionCaught</span><span class="params">(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cause.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        ctx.close();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="客户端"><a href="#客户端" class="headerlink" title="客户端"></a>客户端</h3><p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108172550.png" alt="image-20201108172548785"></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">NettyClient</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//客户端需要一个事件循环组</span></span><br><span class="line">        NioEventLoopGroup eventExecutors = <span class="keyword">new</span> NioEventLoopGroup();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//创建客户端启动对象Bootstrap 而不是服务端使用的ServerBootstrap</span></span><br><span class="line">            Bootstrap bootstrap = <span class="keyword">new</span> Bootstrap();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//设置相关参数</span></span><br><span class="line">            bootstrap.group(eventExecutors)<span class="comment">//设置线程组</span></span><br><span class="line">            .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)<span class="comment">//设置客户端通道的实现类（反射）</span></span><br><span class="line">            .handler(<span class="keyword">new</span> ChannelInitializer&lt;SocketChannel&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="function"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">initChannel</span><span class="params">(SocketChannel socketChannel)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(<span class="keyword">new</span> NettyClientHandler());<span class="comment">//加入自己的处理器</span></span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;客户端 ok..&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//启动客户端去连接服务端</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//关于ChannelFuture要分析，涉及到netty到异步模型</span></span><br><span class="line">            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect(<span class="string">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span>, <span class="number">6688</span>).sync();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//给关闭通道进行监听</span></span><br><span class="line">            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            eventExecutors.shutdownGracefully();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108172634.png" alt="image-20201108172633372"></p>
<ul>
<li><code>channelActive()</code>方法：当通道就绪就会触发该方法</li>
<li><code>channelRead()</code>方法：当通道有读取事件时，会触发</li>
<li><code>exceptionCaught()</code>方法：出现异常执行</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">NettyClientHandler</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//当通道就绪就会触发该方法</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">channelActive</span><span class="params">(ChannelHandlerContext ctx)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;client&quot;</span> + ctx);</span><br><span class="line">        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(<span class="string">&quot;hello，server&quot;</span>, CharsetUtil.UTF_8));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//当通道有读取事件时，会触发</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">channelRead</span><span class="params">(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;服务器回复的消息:&quot;</span>+buf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;服务器的地址:&quot;</span>+ctx.channel().remoteAddress());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//处理异常</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">exceptionCaught</span><span class="params">(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cause.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        ctx.channel();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108172847.png" alt="image-20201108172846775"></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108172855.png" alt="image-20201108172855031"></p>
<h2 id="实例分析"><a href="#实例分析" class="headerlink" title="实例分析"></a>实例分析</h2><p><strong>BossGroup和WorkerGroup是怎么确定下面含有多少个子线程NioEventLoop的？？</strong></p>
<p><mark>BossGroup和BorkerGroup含有的子线程（NioEventLoop）的个数 默认实际 cpu核数 * 2</mark></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108174104.png" alt="image-20201108174102996"></p>
<p>一直往下追，到最后会看见如下源码</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108174222.png" alt="image-20201108174221044"></p>
<p><code>super(nThreads == 0 ? DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS : nThreads, executor, args);</code>等于0时为<code>DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS</code></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108174349.png" alt="image-20201108174348571"></p>
<p>我们可以通过该代码<code>System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());</code>查看自己电脑的CPU核数。</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108174541.png" alt="image-20201108174540695"></p>
<p>我的电脑CPU核数为8。所以默认的NioEventLoop个数为16。我们也可以通过Debug来验证。</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108174728.png" alt="image-20201108174726184"></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108192514.png" alt="image-20201108174744466"></p>
<p>我们把boosGroup设置为1，workerGroup设置为8。服务端查看客户端使用的线程号。</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108192016.png" alt="image-20201108192015195"></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 1.我们自定义一个Handler需要继承netty规定好对某个HandlerAdapter(规范)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 2.这时我们自定义一个Handler，才能称为一个handler</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">NettyServerHandler</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//读取数据实际（这里我们可以读取客户端发送的消息）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//1.ChannelHandlerContext ctx : 上下文对象，含有管道pipeline,通道channel，地址</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//2.Object msg: 就是客户端发送的数据 默认Object</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">channelRead</span><span class="params">(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;服务器读取线程&quot;</span>+Thread.currentThread().getName());</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;server ctx = &quot;</span>+ ctx);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//将msg转成一个ByteBuf</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//ByteBuf是Netty提供的，不是NIO的ByteBuffer</span></span><br><span class="line">        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;客户端发送消息是：&quot;</span>+buf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;客户端发送地址是：&quot;</span>+ctx.channel().remoteAddress());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//数据读取完成</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">channelReadComplete</span><span class="params">(ChannelHandlerContext ctx)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//write()+Flush(),将数据写入到缓存并刷新 对这个发送的数据进行编码</span></span><br><span class="line">        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(<span class="string">&quot;Hello,客户端&quot;</span>, CharsetUtil.UTF_8));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//处理异常，一般是需要关闭通道</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">exceptionCaught</span><span class="params">(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cause.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        ctx.close();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>允许并行运行<code>Allow parallel run</code></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108192239.png" alt="image-20201108192238610"></p>
<p>接着启动服务端，和9个客户端。查看结果。</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108192214.png" alt="image-20201108192212012"></p>
<p><strong>依次使用（类似轮询）</strong></p>
<p><code>ChannelHandlerContext</code>ctx对象又包含什么呢？？<code>pipeline</code>和<code>channel</code>的关系是什么呢？</p>
<p><code>ctx.channel();</code>获取channel</p>
<p><code>ctx.pipeline();</code>获取pipeline</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108193904.png" alt="image-20201108193902593"></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 1.我们自定义一个Handler需要继承netty规定好对某个HandlerAdapter(规范)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 2.这时我们自定义一个Handler，才能称为一个handler</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">NettyServerHandler</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//读取数据实际（这里我们可以读取客户端发送的消息）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//1.ChannelHandlerContext ctx : 上下文对象，含有管道pipeline,通道channel，地址</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//2.Object msg: 就是客户端发送的数据 默认Object</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">channelRead</span><span class="params">(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;服务器读取线程&quot;</span>+Thread.currentThread().getName());</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;server ctx = &quot;</span>+ ctx);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;看看channel和pipeline的关系&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        Channel channel = ctx.channel();</span><br><span class="line">        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ctx.pipeline();<span class="comment">//本质是一个双向链表，出站入站</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//将msg转成一个ByteBuf</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//ByteBuf是Netty提供的，不是NIO的ByteBuffer</span></span><br><span class="line">        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;客户端发送消息是：&quot;</span>+buf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;客户端发送地址是：&quot;</span>+ctx.channel().remoteAddress());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//数据读取完成</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">channelReadComplete</span><span class="params">(ChannelHandlerContext ctx)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//write()+Flush(),将数据写入到缓存并刷新 对这个发送的数据进行编码</span></span><br><span class="line">        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(<span class="string">&quot;Hello,客户端&quot;</span>, CharsetUtil.UTF_8));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//处理异常，一般是需要关闭通道</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">exceptionCaught</span><span class="params">(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cause.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        ctx.close();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>Debug运行查看运行结果。</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108194622.png" alt="image-20201108194619905"></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108194747.png" alt="image-20201108194746009"></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20201108194859.png" alt="image-20201108194858443"></p>
<p><mark>ctx包含了许多信息，同时包含了pipeline和channel。</mark></p>
<p><mark>pipeline中包含了channel，channel中包含了pipeline。</mark></p>
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